Pilot-scale experiments on multilevel contact oxidation treatment of poultry farm wastewater using saran lock carriers under different operation model

A pilot-scale multilevel contact oxidation reactors system, coupled with saran lock carriers,was applied for the treatment of poultry farm wastewater. The removal efficiencies of CODcr, ammonia, and the total nitrogen as well as the elimination performance of CODcr and total nitrogen along the three-level contact oxidation tanks under six designed operational models were investigated. Based on the performance of the nitrogen removal of the saran lock carriers and the distribution of anoxic–aerobic interspace under the suitable operation model, the mechanism of nitrogen removal of the system was also explored. The results revealed that the intermittent aeration under parallel model is the most suitable operation model, while the removal efficiencies of CODcr, ammonia, and the total nitrogen were 86.86%, 84.04%, and 80.96%, respectively. The effluent concentration of CODcr,ammonia, and the total nitrogen were 55.6 mg/L, 8.3 mg/L, and 12.0 mg/L, which satisfy both the discharge standard of pollutants for livestock and poultry breeding industry(GB18596–2001) and the first grade of the integrated wastewater discharge standard(GB 8978–1996). Moreover, the mechanism for the nitrogen removal should be attributed to the plenty of anoxic–aerobic interspaces of the biofilm and the three-dimensional spiral structure of the saran lock carriers, where the oxygen-deficient distribution was suitable for the happening of the simultaneous nitrification and denitrification process. Therefore, the multilevel contact oxidation tanks system is an effective pathway for the treatment of the poultry farm wastewater on the strength of a suitable operation model and novel carriers.     

Suspected flunixin poisoning of a wild Eurasian Griffon Vulture from Spain

Exposure to residues of the nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drug (NSAID) diclofenac present in livestock carcasses has caused extensive declines in 3 Gyps vulture species across Asia. The carcass of a wild Eurasian Griffon Vulture (Gyps fulvus) was found in 2012 on an Andalucian (Spain) game hunting reserve and examined forensically. The bird had severe visceral gout, a finding consistent with Gyps vultures from Asia that have been poisoned by diclofenac. Liver and kidney samples from this Eurasian Griffon Vulture contained elevated flunixin (an NSAID) levels (median = 2.70 and 6.50 mg/kg, respectively). This is the first reported case of a wild vulture being exposed to and apparently killed by an NSAID outside Asia. It is also the first reported instance of mortality in the wild resulting from environmental exposure to an NSAID other than diclofenac. Caso de Sospecha de Envenenamiento por Flunixin de un Buitre Leonado en España     

预酸析-厌氧流化床处理碱法草浆黑液的研究

对预酸析多孔高分子载体固定化微生物厌氧流化床（ＡＦＢ）处理碱法草浆黑液的效能进行了研究．结果表明，采用酸析预处理，去除了黑液中大部分难生化降解的高分子物质后，ＡＦＢ的厌氧消化潜能得到充分发挥．预酸析ＡＦＢ处理比直接ＡＦＢ处理更为有利．对黑液中木质素的化学性质研究表明，厌氧处理前后的黑液中木质素分子的基本结构单元保持不变，但分子量大的木质素有向小分子转化的趋势．通过扫描电镜观察，除了产甲烷菌外，还发现了硫酸盐还原菌和硫细菌．     

一种高速反硝化颗粒污泥的培养

以葡萄糖为碳源,在USB反应器内接种好氧活性污泥在40 d内培养出良好的反硝化颗粒污泥.颗粒污泥形成经历了2个阶段:起始阶段,接种的好氧活性污泥中非反硝化菌逐渐衰亡演变为"惰性固体",与原有的固体一起,成为反硝化菌附着生长的载体,与此同时,反硝化菌在载体表面渐渐繁殖,形成细颗粒污泥;随后,反硝化菌在细颗粒污泥表面不断增殖,颗粒长大,发育成为成熟的颗粒污泥.成熟的颗粒污泥密实,表面均为杆状菌,且排列紧密,当污泥床容积负荷为19.1 g N/L·d时,去除率高达98.4%(N).     

悬浮填料对厌氧氨氧化MBR运行的影响特性及机理

向厌氧氨氧化（anammox）膜生物反应器（MBR）投加悬浮填料,考察其对反应器脱氮性能和膜污染的影响特性,并探究了相关机理.试验结果表明,投加填料后,反应器脱氮性能良好.当进水氨氮（NH₄⁺-N）160mg/L、亚硝态氮（NO₂^--N）180mg/L时,出水NH₄⁺-N和NO₂^--N均在15mg/L以下,硝态氮（NO₃^--N）在30mg/L以下,总氮去除率可达90%.投加填料显著减轻了膜污染,跨膜压差（TMP）稳定在8kPa左右.混合液中溶解性微生物产物（SMP）和胞外聚合物（EPS）成分分析结果表明,在第67~149d,蛋白质总量、多糖总量和总有机碳总量分别下降了49%、43%和61%,它们浓度的下降有利于延缓膜污染;此外,悬浮填料对膜组件的机械碰撞也起到了物理清洗作用.高通量测序结果显示,悬浮填料生物膜在anammox菌相对丰度方面显著高于混合液污泥,说明anammox菌更适宜于附着生长,投加填料可以为其提供更加稳定的生长环境.     

生物膜载体填料-污泥资源化研究

污泥资源化是污泥处置的发展趋势,以脱水污泥为主料,添加适量粉煤灰和粘土,制备生物膜载体填料是实验研究的主要内容。实验表明,污泥使用量为70％、粉煤灰和粘土各15％时,烧成温度为1000±25℃、保温时间为40min,烧制的填料抗压强度能达到25mpa、吸水率17％;用于药厂废水处理测试,在常温下的化学需氧量（CODCr）的平均去除率为74．0％、悬浮物（SS）的去除率为54．1％。使用扫描电镜、显微镜像检测,分析了填料烧制中孔隙形成机理、填料外貌、表面微孔结构等。实验表明,以污泥代替天然原料,在一定条件下可以烧制成填料,并能用作污水处理中生物膜载体。     

应对河南省特大洪涝灾害救援药品保障目录的研究与实践

为提高中国救援队救援任务中的药品保障效率,建立洪涝灾害救援药品保障目录.查阅洪涝灾害医学及救援相关文献270余篇,统计分析洪涝灾害疾病谱及发生率.根据不同疾病类型的发生比例,采用决策分析法,确定洪涝灾害救援药品保障目录,搭建国内药品紧急响应平台.研究结果为:消化系统疾病、呼吸系统疾病及皮肤科疾病占据疾病谱前三位.参照疾...     

Hybrid zeolite-based ion-exchange and sulfur oxidizing denitrification for advanced slaughterhouse wastewater treatment

The discharge of slau ghterhouse wastewater（SWW） is incre asing and its wastewater has to be treated thoroughly to avoid the eutrophication.The hybrid zeolite-based ion-exchange and sulfur autotrophic denitrification（IX-AD） process was developed to advanced treat SWW after traditional secondary biological process.Compared with traditional sulfur oxidizing denitrification（SOD）,this study found that IX-AD column showed:（1） stronger ability to resist NO₃^-pollution load,（2） low...     

组氨酸-Co(Ⅱ)光度法测定水中溶解氧的研究

以氧载体作显色体系,提出了组氨酸－Ｃｏ（Ⅱ）光度法测定水中溶解氧的方法;并用从实验中得到的（Ｃｏ）－（Ｏ２）关系,尝试用Ｃｏ标准溶液代替Ｏ２标准,解决了Ｏ２标准的难题。该方法简单、快速、取样量少、准确度高。ＤＯ的测定范围为０．１￣２０ｍｇ／Ｌ。